Evidence
How we know what we claim.
Every measurement of our ponds and feed carries a label that says how we know it. Trials are listed with their status, and results appear only once they've been analysed and cleared for publication.
The labels
- A physical fact about our ponds and equipment.
A physical fact about our ponds and equipment.
- Recorded by our team on our own ponds. Not a controlled trial.
Recorded by our team on our own ponds. Not a controlled trial.
- Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results.
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results.
- Measured by a third-party laboratory on a specific sample.
Measured by a third-party laboratory on a specific sample.
- Predicted by near-infrared spectroscopy; awaiting wet-chemistry confirmation.
Predicted by near-infrared spectroscopy; awaiting wet-chemistry confirmation.
Trial status: Planned · Underway · Completed · Under peer review · Published
University trial network
GreenFin is in feeding trials with university partners in Punjab and Sindh. Select a city on the map to see who is testing what.
Schematic of the Indus and its tributaries. Positions are approximate.
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GCU
UnderwayGovernment College University
Lahore, Punjab
GreenFin pellet feeding trial in tanks
Species: Clarias catfish
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results. -
UVAS
UnderwayUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Lahore, Punjab
GreenFin pellet feeding trial in tanks; earlier sheep and layer trials
Species: Tilapia, Rohu
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results. -
SBBUVAS
UnderwayShaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Sakrand, Sindh
GreenFin pellet feeding trial in tanks
Species: Grass carp, Mrigal
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results. -
SAU
UnderwaySindh Agriculture University
Tandojam, Sindh
GreenFin pellet feeding trial in tanks
Species: Carp
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results. -
USJ
UnderwayUniversity of Sindh
Jamshoro, Sindh
Collaborative pellet-feed research project
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results. -
UO
UnderwayUniversity of Okara
Okara, Punjab
GreenFin pellet feeding trial
Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results. -
PMAS-Arid
Research agreementPMAS-Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi, Punjab
Research agreement (MoU) since 2023
Lab measurements
What has been measured so far, and on what. A range means several batches; "one sample" means exactly that.
| Measure | Value | Basis | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude protein, GreenFin pellets | ~31% | As-is, one recent pilot batch | Measured by a third-party laboratory on a specific sample. |
| Crude protein, dried duckweed | 35–40% | Dry basis; range across tested batches, varies with season and growing conditions | Measured by a third-party laboratory on a specific sample. |
| Aflatoxin, duckweed biomass | 3.8 ppb | One tested sample | Measured by a third-party laboratory on a specific sample. |
Still being measured: Amino-acid profile, especially methionine; Wet-chemistry (AOAC) confirmation of protein values; Pellet durability, water stability and sinking behaviour; Digestibility; Heavy metals and anti-nutritional factors; Shelf life in storage.
Completed trials
Earlier trials with livestock and poultry, run by UVAS. We'll post their results here once they are published.
- Under peer review Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results.
Sheep fattening trial
UVAS, Lahore · Completed September 2025
Duckweed fed to fattening sheep at two inclusion levels against a conventional control diet. The manuscript is under peer review; results will be posted here once it is published.
- Completed Run by a university research partner, who analyses and reports the results.
Layer hen feeding trial
UVAS, Lahore · 60-day trial, completed
Fresh duckweed in layer diets, alone and alongside conventional feed, compared with a control group. Results have not yet been published.
Observations from our own ponds
What we've seen on our site. Useful, but not the same as a controlled trial, and labelled that way.
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Rohu on the scale, about 1.5 kg Recorded by our team on our own ponds. Not a controlled trial.Duckweed and fish grown together
FUL ponds, near Islamabad
Rohu and silver carp stocked in our duckweed ponds grew well: rohu from about 100 g to up to about 1.5 kg in roughly four months, silver carp from about 20 g to about 800 g. We bought no commercial feed for them in that period.
This showed the fish readily eat duckweed. It was not a controlled trial: there was no control group, and the duckweed the fish ate was not measured.
Our site, as recorded
- Raceway ponds
- 2, lined with HDPE
- Surface area
- About 16,000 sq ft
- Circulation
- Paddlewheel
- Power and water
- Solar-powered borewell
- Weather protection
- Shade nets over both raceways, 2026
- Back-up stock
- Mother-culture ponds for restocking
How we handle numbers
NIR is not wet chemistry. Near-infrared estimates are fast and useful for screening formulations. We label them as estimates until a wet-chemistry lab confirms them.
One sample is one sample. When a value comes from a single test, we say so, rather than presenting it as a product specification.
Observations are not trials. What we see on our own ponds is labelled as an observation. Claims about feed performance wait for controlled trials.
No batch record, no feed claim. Every feed result we publish traces back to a recorded batch.
Propose a trial
We work with universities on studies worth a thesis and a paper.
- We supply GreenFin and help design the study.
- We support agreed analysis costs.
- You publish the performance data. Formulations stay confidential and can be shared under a non-disclosure agreement.